The Google cache typically only stored about 100KB of your page. So if you had a heavy page with lots of content, not all of that page would be seen in the Google cache. That seems to have changed at some point since I last checked, probably years ago.
Looking at the cache page of many sites, you can see Google is clearly downloading and archiving more than the first 100KB of that page.
A WebmasterWorld thread has reports where Google is caching 400KB+ pages.
I guess space is getting cheaper.
Forum discussion at WebmasterWorld.

Comments:
Michael Martinez
11/30/2006 04:44 pm
Google cache has been archiving up to 500K for several years.
Alain Aubert
12/01/2006 10:55 am
I first realized it in spring 2005. I estimated the upper boundary to be 512kb, for obvious reasons... When I later did a german search I saw me proven wrong and a stunning 1.3MB result, fully indexed! The cache has been complete, I checked the page. I can't say if the >1mb Documents only have been tests, never seen such large files since... "www.taucher.net/forum/Der_Weltverbandsthread__18_d... 1364k - Zusätzliches Ergebnis - Im Cache - Ähnliche Seiten" more here (german language only, sorry!) ayom.com/faq/indexiert-google-nur-100kb-a-448.html